Date: 02-28-2017

Case Style: Meseret Ayele D/B/A Mae Solutions, LLC v. Jani-King of Houston, Inc.

Case Number: 01-16-00007-CV

Judge: Jane Bland

Court: Texas Court of Appeals, First District on appeal from the 55th District Court, Harris County

Plaintiff's Attorney: Kurt Godfrey Clarke

Defendant's Attorney: Jonathan Michael Hyman

Description: This is an appeal from a post-answer default summary judgment, granted after
the trial court reset the submission date for consideration of the motion for summary
judgment, but neither it nor the moving party sent notice of the new submission date.
The non-movant moved for a new trial, submitting an affidavit that its failure to


2

respond to the motion for summary judgment before the submission date was not the
result of conscious indifference. The trial court denied the motion. On appeal, the
non-movant contends that the trial court erred in denying its motion for new trial.
We reverse and remand.
BACKGROUND
In October 2011, MAE Solutions, LLC and Jani-King of Houston, Inc. entered
into a commercial cleaning franchise agreement, giving MAE the right to operate a
Jani-King franchise. After nearly four years of poor business performance, MAE
sued Jani-King for breach of contract, fraud, and negligent misrepresentation, among
other grounds.
Jani-King responded to the petition with a plea to the jurisdiction, asserting
that MAE lacked standing. It set its jurisdictional plea for a hearing in early June
2015. Shortly before the hearing date, MAE amended its pleading to cure the
standing problem. The hearing went forward, and the trial court denied the plea. On
June 5th, Jani-King moved for an extension of time to file its answer. On June 17th,
the trial court granted a 30-day extension, and Jani-King filed its answer on July
17th.
On August 17th, Jani-King moved for summary judgment pursuant to Texas
Rule of Civil Procedure 166a(c), and set the motion on the trial court’s submission
docket for September 7th.


3

Three days after Jani-King filed its summary-judgment motion, MAE moved
for a continuance of the summary judgment proceedings. MAE urged two grounds
for its request. First, by way of informing the court that the parties were in the early
stages of discovery, MAE pointed to the recently resolved jurisdictional plea, noting
that it had propounded written discovery and intended to engage in further discovery.
MAE asked for 120 additional days to allow for completion of discovery, a length
of time that roughly corresponded to the amount of time remaining in the discovery
period set forth in the trial court’s docket control order. Second, MAE pointed out
that its counsel, a solo practitioner, had designated the weeks of August 24th through
August 28th and September 7th through September 11th in a vacation letter on file
with the district clerk, as allowed by the Harris County local rules. MAE attached a
copy of the clerk’s office’s record of counsel’s vacation letter to the motion.1
On September 10th, the trial court signed an order, in which it granted a
continuance. In the order, the court interlineated a new setting for the summary
judgment motion, placing it on the court’s submission docket 24 days later, on
October 5th. After the submission date passed without a response from MAE, the
trial court granted summary judgment on October 13th.
On November 2nd, MAE’s counsel received a post card from the clerk’s
office informing him that the trial court had granted summary judgment. After
1 The interim week held the Labor Day holiday.


4

receipt of the post card, MAE moved to vacate the judgment and for new trial. In
the verified motion, MAE’s counsel explained that he did not receive notice of the
trial court’s reset of the motion for summary judgment for October 5th, and that after
he received the November 2nd post card, he had his legal assistant check the district
clerk’s website and discovered for the first time that the motion had been set for
submission on October 5th. MAE declared that its failure to respond to the motion
for summary judgment was not intentional or due to conscious indifference but was
due to an accident or mistake, that being a lack of notice of the submission date.
The trial court denied MAE’s motion for new trial and its subsequent motion
for reconsideration.
DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
The abuse-of-discretion standard applies to review both the denial of a
motion for new trial and the denial of a discovery continuance. In re R.R., 209
S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam) (review of motion for new trial); McInnis
v. Mallia, 261 S.W.3d 197, 201 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.)
(citing Brewer & Pritchard, P.C. v. Johnson, 167 S.W.3d 460, 467 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied). A trial court abuses its discretion when it
fails to correctly analyze or apply the law. In re E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co.,
136 S.W.3d 218, 223 (Tex. 2004).


5

B. Analysis
MAE contends that the trial court abused its discretion in denying its motion
for new trial because it satisfied its burden under Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines,
Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124 (Tex. 1939). In Craddock, the Texas Supreme Court held that
a trial court should set aside a default judgment if the nonmovant establishes that
(1) its failure to respond resulted from an accident or mistake and not from conscious
indifference or an intentional act; (2) the motion for new trial alleges a meritorious
defense; and (3) granting the motion will not cause undue delay or otherwise injure
the plaintiff. Id. at 126. If the defaulting party establishes that it did not receive
notice of the default judgment hearing, then it need not establish proof of a
meritorious defense. Aduli v. Aduli, 368 S.W.3d 805, 819 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.) (explaining that defaulting party must establish absence
of intent or conscious indifference in failing to appear at trial by proof that he was
not given notice of default judgment hearing; “if that element is established, he is
not required to set up a meritorious defense”).
The Texas Supreme Court has held that Craddock does not apply if a party
opposing summary judgment had notice of the hearing and an opportunity to obtain
leave to file a late response before the hearing date. Carpenter v. Cimarron
Hydrocarbons Corp., 98 S.W.3d 682, 683 (Tex. 2002); see Dolgencorp of Tex., Inc.
v. Lerma, 288 S.W.3d 922, 927 (Tex. 2009) (per curiam). Under those


6

circumstances, the Court reasoned, the rules of civil procedure provide the defaulting
party a remedy. Carpenter, 98 S.W.3d at 686.
MAE, however, did not receive notice of the new submission date. The trial
court’s docket does not reflect that it sent a notice of the newly ordered date to
counsel, nor does Jani-King contend that it sent notice of the submission date. In
similar circumstances, the Court has distinguished Carpenter and applied the
Craddock test. Wheeler v. Green, 157 S.W.3d 439, 442 (Tex. 2005) (applying
Craddock where “nothing in this record suggests that before summary judgment was
granted, [the non-movant] realized that her responses were late . . . or that she needed
to file a response to the summary judgment”).
MAE had notice of the first summary judgment submission date, but, in light
of counsel’s vacation letter, the trial court granted an extension of that date. MAE’s
response to Jani-King’s summary-judgment motion thus was due not later than seven
days before the reset submission date. See TEX. R. APP. P. 166a(c). According to
MAE’s evidence, however, it did not receive notice of the changed submission date,
which means it did not know when its response to Jani-King’s motion was due.
MAE did not learn of the submission date in time to request leave to file a late
response, like the nonmovant in Carpenter; it found out the submission date only
after the trial court granted summary judgment.


7

MAE provided adequate evidence demonstrating its failure to receive notice
of the new summary-judgment submission date. MAE’s motion, verified and
supplemented by counsel’s affidavit, shows that MAE’s counsel, a sole practitioner,
learned of the submission date when he had his legal assistant check the court’s
website after he received the district clerk’s notice that summary judgment had been
entered. Nothing in the record shows that either the clerk or opposing counsel sent
timely notice of the new submission date to MAE’s counsel. We hold that the
undisputed, verified facts are specific enough to affirmatively prove MAE’s lack of
notice.
Jani-King responds that MAE’s inaction amounts to conscious indifference,
because a reasonable person under similar circumstances would have checked on the
status of the continuance, either by obtaining a copy of the signed order or calling
the trial court coordinator. The affirmative duties Jani-King would have us impose
on MAE, however, do not comport with the standard for conscious indifference.
“[C]onscious indifference means more than mere negligence.” Smith v.
Babcock Wilcox Constr. Co., 913 S.W.2d 467, 468 (Tex. 1995) (per curiam); accord
Dodd v. Savino, 426 S.W.3d 275, 288 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no
pet.). For purposes of conscious indifference, the absence of an intentional failure
to respond rather than a real excuse for not responding is the controlling fact.
Milestone Operating v. Exxonmobil Corp., 388 S.W.3d 307, 309–10 (Tex. 2012)


8

(citing Craddock, 133 S.W.2d at 125). A defendant meets this burden by providing
an excuse that is not controverted and, if true, negates intentional or consciously
indifferent conduct on its part. Milestone, 388 S.W.3d at 310 (citing Sutherland v.
Spencer, 376 S.W.3d 752, 755 (Tex. 2012)); see also Aduli, 368 S.W.3d at 819
(explaining that defaulting party can establish absence of intent or conscious
indifference in failing to appear at trial by proof that he was not given notice of
default judgment hearing). “An excuse need not be a good one to suffice.” Fid. &
Guar. Ins. Co. v. Drewery Constr. Co., 186 S.W.3d 571, 576 (Tex. 2006), quoted in
Milestone, 388 S.W.3d at 310; see, e.g., Sutherland, 376 S.W.3d at 755–56
(concluding that inclement weather conditions, which led to misplacing citation,
along with time spent out of office for holidays and defendants’ forgetfulness,
combined to create “some excuse, although not necessarily a good one” and
demonstrated that failure to answer was not intentional or result of conscious
indifference); Olin Corp. v. Coastal Water Auth., 849 S.W.2d 852, 858 (Tex. App.—
Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, no writ) (concluding that failure of inexperienced attorney
assigned to prepare and file motion for preferential trial setting to notify court clerk
of original trial date and to include proposed order with motion did not excuse party
from nonappearance on original trial date, but did “tend to show [party] was not


9

consciously disregarding the rules of the court”).2 We hold that MAE satisfied its
burden to proffer an uncontroverted excuse that negates intentional or consciously
indifferent conduct on its part. See Sutherland, 376 S.W.3d at 755–56; Olin, 849
S.W.3d at 858.
A trial court may not grant a traditional summary judgment by default; even
when no response is on file, the movant must bear its burden to conclusively prove
all of the elements of its cause of action or defense as a matter of law. Wheeler, 157
S.W.3d at 442 (citing Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel, 997 S.W.2d 217, 222–23 (Tex.
1999)). Here, the trial court’s order contains interlineated language declaring that,
“having considered the Motion, and seeing no response even though a continuance
was granted, [the court] finds the Motion is meritorious and should be granted.” The
undisputed evidence shows that MAE failed to receive notice of the reset submission
date and did not discover the problem until after the trial court granted summary
judgment, and affirmatively shows that the lack of notice resulted only from accident
2 Jani-King claims that MAE did not provide sufficient specificity in describing the circumstances surrounding its non-receipt of the reset submission date, but the cases that it relies on are factually inapposite. In Freeman v. Pevehouse, 79 S.W.3d 637 (Tex. App.—Waco 2002, no pet.), there was conflicting evidence concerning whether the party received the suit. Id. at 644–45. In BancTEXAS McKinney, N.A. v. Desalination Systems, Inc., 847 S.W.2d 301 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992, no pet. h.), the party claimed to have lost or misplaced the citation. Id. at 302. Both of these situations necessarily require more explanation than a situation like the one here, where a sole practitioner claims non-receipt.


10

or mistake and not conscious indifference. Given this record, we hold that the trial
court erred in denying MAE’s motion for new trial.

Outcome: We reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand the case for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.

Plaintiff's Experts:

Defendant's Experts:

Comments: