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Coretta McMillon and Roosevelt Norman filed suit in Monroe City

Court against European Service, Inc., d/b/a European Motors and Ali

Moghimi to rescind the sale of an automobile. The trial court concluded that

European Motors and Ali Moghimi violated the Unfair Trade Practices Act

and were liable for damages in the amount of $22,855.25 plus attorney fees

of $5,650.00. See McMillon v. European Serv., Inc., 52,701 (La. App. 2 Cir.

5/22/19), 275 So. 3d 375.

On May 29, 2019, Norman filed a rule to show cause and made Elham

Moghimi a defendant. Norman stated that he is a judgment creditor of

European Motors and Ali Moghimi and that Elham Moghimi is the wife of

Ali Moghimi and is living with him in community. Norman requested that

Elham Moghimi show cause why he should not be allowed to execute his

judgment against any or all community property of the Moghimis, including

the garnishment of her wages. He also requested that Elham Moghimi be

cast for all costs, including attorney fees.

A hearing was held on August 1, 2019, and the parties discussed the

Moghimis’ prenuptial separate property agreement that is recorded in Iran.

The trial court found that the prenuptial agreement was not relevant and

questioned its validity. It ordered that McMillon and Norman be allowed to

execute their judgment against any and all community property of European

Motors and the Moghimis, including the garnishment of Elham Moghimi’s

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wages under a writ of fieri facias in the amount of $22,855.25, together with

interest and attorney fees in the amount of $5,650 and for all court costs.

On August 1, 2019, Ali Moghimi filed a pro se motion to remove and

transfer the case to federal court, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1446. He stated

that pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 4843, the damages prayed for and the

possible breach of a prenuptial agreement will exceed the jurisdictional

limits of Monroe City Court. He stated that his wife Elham Moghimi is not

a citizen or a resident of the United States and that they entered into the

prenuptial agreement in Iran.

On August 5, 2019, the trial court denied the motion to transfer.

The Moghimis appeal.

DISCUSSION

Transfer to Federal Court

In their first assignment of error, the Moghimis argue that the trial

court erred in denying the motion to transfer. They contend that the federal

court is better suited to adjudicate a case concerning a prenuptial agreement

recorded in a foreign country. They state that because the agreement was

executed between a United States citizen (Ali Moghimi) and a foreign

national (Elham Moghimi), a federal court has diversity jurisdiction over the

matter. They also contend that, due to its limited jurisdiction, Monroe City

Court is not equipped to determine the validity of the prenuptial agreement.

McMillon and Norman argue that the Moghimis did not follow the

proper procedure to remove this case to federal court, which is set forth in

28 U.S.C. § 1446. The Moghimis’ filing of a motion to transfer in Monroe

City Court fails to comply with the procedure detailed in that statute. The

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record does not indicate that the Moghimis filed their removal action in U.S.

District Court within 30 days of service of the initial pleading.

Accordingly, this assignment of error lacks merit.

Choice of Laws/Conflict of Laws

In their second assignment of error, the Moghimis argue that the trial

court erred in denying the motion to transfer without knowing if choice of

laws and conflict of laws dictate that a prenuptial agreement executed

between a foreign national and a United States citizen and recorded in a

foreign country takes precedence over Louisiana’s community property

statutes. Under choice of laws doctrine, they contend that Islamic/Iranian

law should determine the validity of the agreement. Under conflict of laws

doctrine, they argue the validity of the agreement should be determined

where the contract was made and not in Monroe City Court.

McMillon and Norman argue that the trial court correctly rendered

judgment against the community property of the Moghimis. They note that

the Moghimis were married in Ouachita Parish in 2005 and could have

entered into a matrimonial agreement under Louisiana law or petitioned the

court to recognize the agreement executed in Iran.

Although the Moghimis married in Louisiana, they did not avail

themselves of the opportunity to live under separate property regimes

pursuant to Louisiana law. See La. C.C. art. 2334, et seq. Instead, they

presented to the trial court a copy of a prenuptial agreement purportedly

from the Iranian “Ministry of Vital Statistics and Internal Affair.” The copy

provided to the court contains no seal, stamp or other means of

authentication. The Moghimis’ argument that this alleged prenuptial

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agreement prevails over the Louisiana community property regime is not

supported by Louisiana law.

Accordingly, this assignment of error lacks merit.

Sanctions

Counsel for McMillon and Norman states that the Moghimis failed to

provide a copy of their appellate brief to her and that they falsely certified

that she was served with the brief. Counsel argues that she incurred an

unnecessary waste of time, effort and expense responding to this appeal

because this appeal does not concern her. Therefore, McMillon and Norman

seek sanctions pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 2164 for the Moghimis’ pattern of

deceptive and misleading actions. They also seek to enjoin the filing of

future pro se pleadings by the Moghimis.

La. C.C.P. art. 2164 states:

The appellate court shall render any judgment which is just,

legal, and proper upon the record on appeal. The court may

award damages, including attorney fees, for frivolous appeal or

application for writs, and may tax the costs of the lower or

appellate court, or any part thereof, against any party to the suit,

as in its judgment may be considered equitable.

This provision is penal in nature and is to be strictly construed. Straughter

v. Hodnett, 42,827 (La. App. 2 Cir. 1/9/08), 975 So. 2d 81, writ denied,

08-0573 (La. 5/2/08), 979 So. 2d 1286, citing Pratt v. Louisiana State Med.

Ctr. in Shreveport, 41,971 (La. App. 2 Cir. 2/28/07), 953 So. 2d 876.

Appeals are always favored and, unless the appeal is unquestionably

frivolous, damages will not be allowed. Hampton v. Greenfield, 618 So. 2d

859 (La. 1993), citing City of Shreveport v. U.S. Fid. & Guar. Co., 131 La.

933, 60 So. 621 (1913). Damages for frivolous appeal are only allowed

when it is obvious that the appeal was taken solely for delay, that the appeal

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fails to raise a serious legal question or that counsel is not sincere in the view

of the law he advocates, even though the court is of the opinion that such

view is not meritorious. Straughter v. Hodnett, supra; Hampton v.

Greenfield, supra, citing Parker v. Interstate Life & Acc. Ins. Co., 248 La.

449, 179 So. 2d 634 (1965).

We note that Ali Moghimi has a lengthy history of self-representation

in Monroe City Court, and many of these cases have been further litigated

before this court and the Louisiana Supreme Court as appeals or writs. See

Davis v. European Motors, 51,522 (La. App. 2 Cir. 8/9/17), 243 So. 3d

1100. Although it appears that the Moghimis employed tactics to delay this

matter, we note that appeals are favored and that this appeal is not

unquestionably frivolous.

Accordingly, we do not award damages for a frivolous appeal under

the facts of this case.

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court

denying the motion to transfer of Defendants-Appellants Ali Moghimi and

Elham Moghimi. Costs are assessed against Defendants-Appellants Ali

Moghimi and Elham Moghimi