PHILIP ADAM THOMAS V. KELLY JEAN WILLIS THOMAS

Lake Charles, LA - Divorce lawyer represented defendant with appealing the judgment that awarded her interim spousal support charge.

Kelly and Philip Adam Thomas (Philip) were married on December 21,

1992 in Beeville, Texas. The parties were both domiciled in Calcasieu Parish,

Louisiana at the time their respective petitions for divorce were filed. This is not a

covenant marriage. On June 5, 2019, Philip filed his petition for divorce pursuant

to La.Civ.Code art. 103,

1 claiming that the parties had separated on March 30,

2018. On June 13, 2019 Kelly filed her petition for divorce pursuant to

La.Civ.Code art. 102, 2 claiming that the parties separated on May 19, 2019.

Kelly's petition requested interim spousal support as well as final periodic spousal

1 Louisiana Civil Code Article 103 states in pertinent part,

Except in the case of a covenant marriage, a divorce shall be granted on

the petition of a spouse upon proof that:

(1) The spouses have been living separate and apart continuously for the

requisite period of time, in accordance with Article 103.1, or more on the date the

petition is filed.

Louisiana Civil Code Article 103.1 provides in pertinent part,

The requisite periods of time, in accordance with Articles 102 and 103

shall be as follows:

(1) One hundred eighty days where there are no minor children of the

marriage.

2 Louisiana Civil Code Article 102 states in pertinent part:

Except in the case of a covenant marriage, a divorce shall be granted

upon motion of a spouse when either spouse has filed a petition for divorce

and upon proof that the requisite period of time, in accordance with Article

103.1, has elapsed from the service of the petition, or from the execution of

written waiver of the service, and that the spouses have lived separate and

apart continuously for at least the requisite period of time, in accordance with

Article 103.1, prior to the filing of the rule to show cause.

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support. Kelly also requested and was granted Forma Pauperis status on August 6,

2019. The two cases were consolidated in the Fourteenth Judicial District Court

and are consolidated on appeal before this court.

On August 6, 2019, the parties came before the Hearing Officer, who found

the following facts. Kelly had been unemployed for the past fifteen years; Philip

has been paying her car note, car insurance, cell phone bill, and additionally pays

her $475.00 a week. The Family Court Hearing Officer reviewed the affidavits of

the parties and, after a Hearing Officer conference, recommended that Kelly

receive monthly interim spousal support in the amount of $3,300.00. Kelly did not

accept the Hearing Officer's recommendation and appealed to the trial court.

The parties then entered into a "Joint Stipulation” regarding other pending

issues which provided in significant part: that the cases should be consolidated;

that Philip was required to continue to maintain health insurance on Kelly pending

the divorce, and that she would be responsible for any health care costs that were

not covered by health insurance; no changes were to be made to the community

regime pending the partition; since the parties had been separated for thirty days,

the community regime was terminated retroactive to June 5, 2019, and both parties

were confirmed as owners of an undivided one-half interest in all community

assets; that Philip has exclusive use of the former family home at 1510 Happy

Lane, Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Kelly reserves her claim for fair rental credit to

be determined at the time of the partition; each shall have the use of their

respective vehicles pending the partition of the community regime.

On December 4, 2019, the trial court held a hearing on Kelly's appeal of the

Hearing Officer's recommendation that she receive $3,300.00 per month in interim

periodic spousal support. The trial court heard testimony from both parties,

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considered the evidence introduced at trial, and heard argument of counsel. After

due deliberation, the trial court ruled from the bench and assigned oral reasons

reducing the amount of the award of monthly interim periodic spousal support

recommended by the Hearing Officer to $2,800.00 per month. The trial court's

ruling was memorialized in its judgment filed January 7, 2020 and signed on

January 8, 2020.

The trial court's re-evaluation of the Hearing Officer's recommendation was

based in part on the pre-trial revelation that Kelly was now working. Kelly

indicated she had two part time jobs and was earning an income, which was not the

case when the parties appeared before the Hearing Officer, and thus not part of the

Hearing Officer's calculations. The trial court's judgment provided that Kelly was

to receive $2,800.00 per month in interim periodic spousal support "effective June

13, 2019 payable on the 1st and 15th of each month subject to a credit for payments

made since the date of filing.” Kelly timely filed her suspensive appeal of the trial

court's judgment on December 27, 2019.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

In her appeal brief to this court Kelly assigns the following five assignments

of error:

I. The trial court erred in its calculation of interim spousal support

by not affording Appellant an award meeting her need;

II. The trial court erred in its calculation of interim spousal support

under valuing Appellee's ability to pay;

III. The trial court erred in its calculation of interim spousal support

by not permitting Appellant the ability to maintain the lifestyle

of the marriage;

IV. The trial court erred in not awarding Appellant a reasonable

percentage of Appellee's discretionary and expendable income;

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V. The trial court erred in considering Appellant's income for the

determination of interim spousal support.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

Interim Spousal Support

Louisiana Civil Code Article 113, as amended and simplified by the

legislature in 2018, now provides in pertinent part, that a "court may award a party

interim spousal support based on the needs of that party, the ability of the other

party to pay, ... and the standard of living of the parties during the marriage.” The

party seeking interim spousal support has the burden of proving her need. Derouen

v. Derouen, 04-1137 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/2/05), 893 So.2d 981. "A claimant

demonstrates need for interim spousal support if she establishes that she lacks

sufficient income or the ability to earn a sufficient income 'to sustain the style or

standard of living that [s]he enjoyed while [s]he resided with the other spouse.'” Id.

at 984 (quoting January v. January, 94-882, p. 3 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/1/95), 649

So.2d 1133, 1136).

The trial court enjoys considerable discretion in determining whether to

make an award of interim spousal support and its determination in awarding

interim spousal support will not be disturbed on appeal absent a clear abuse of

discretion. Smoloski v. Smoloski, 01-485 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/3/01), 799 So.2d 599.

See also Derouen, 893 So.2d 981.

In this appeal, our primary objective is to review the trial court record for

manifest error and abuse of discretion. In Evans v. Lungrin, 97-541, pp. 6-7 (La.

2/6/98), 708 So.2d 731, 735, our supreme court articulated the following standard

of review for a trial court's findings: "It is well-settled that a court of appeal may

not set aside a trial court's or a jury's finding of fact in the absence of 'manifest

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error' or unless it is 'clearly wrong.' Rosell v. ESCO, 549 So.2d 840, 844

(La.1989).” See also Stobart v. State, Dep't of Transp. & Dev., 617 So.2d 880

(La.1993). Our supreme court further articulated the role of an appellate court

when conducting a review for manifest error in Hayes Fund for First United

Methodist Church of Welsh, LLC v. Kerr-McGee Rocky Mountain, LLC, 14-2592

(La. 12/8/15), 193 So.3d 1110. It explained:

In all civil cases, the appropriate standard for appellate review

of factual determinations is the manifest error-clearly wrong standard,

which precludes the setting aside of a trial court's finding of fact

unless that finding is clearly wrong in light of the record reviewed in

its entirety. Cenac v. Public Access Water Rights Ass'n, 02-2660, p. 9

(La. 6/27/03), 851 So.2d 1006, 1023. Thus, a reviewing court may not

merely decide if it would have found the facts of the case differently.

Hall v. Folger Coffee Co., 03-1734, p. 9 (La. 4/14/04), 874 So.2d 90,

98. Rather in reversing a trial court's factual conclusions with regard

to causation, the appellate court must satisfy a two-step process based

on the record as a whole: there must be no reasonable factual basis for

the trial court's conclusion, and the finding must be clearly wrong.

Stobart v. State through Dept. of Transp. and Development, 617 So.2d

880, 882 (La.1993).

This test requires a reviewing court to do more than simply

review the record for some evidence, which supports or controverts

the trial court's findings. The court must review the entire record to

determine whether the trial court's finding was clearly wrong or

manifestly erroneous. Parish Nat. Bank v. Ott, 02-1562, pp. 7-8 (La.

2/25/03), 841 So.2d 749, 753-54. The issue to be resolved on review

is not whether the judge or jury was right or wrong, but whether the

judge's or jury's factfinding conclusion was a reasonable one. Rosell

v. ESCO, 549 So.2d 840, 844 (La.1989); Canter v. Koehring Co., 283

So.2d 716, 724 (La.1973).

Id. at 1115-16.

Discussion

The Hearing Officer's recommendation, submitted after an extensive review

of the documentation submitted by the parties, found that Kelly was entitled to

$3,300.00 in interim spousal support each month, instead of $5,699.90, the amount

shown on her affidavit of expenses and need. The Hearing Officer found, and

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Kelly's testimony on appeal to the trial court revealed, that Philip was paying a

substantial portion of her expenses and that some of the expenses listed were now

non-existent.

Kelly appealed the Hearing Officer's recommendation of $3,300.00 in

interim spousal support per month and now seeks $4,724.37 per month, which is

mainly based on Kelly's claim of the disparity of lifestyles. Philip has maintained

his residence in the family home, and she has been living with family and friends.

Kelly further maintains that Philip has discretionary income over and above his

expenses requiring that he pay additional money to her each month in order to

maintain her former lifestyle.

The only difference between the evidence presented to the Hearing Officer

which supported the Hearing Officer's recommendation of $3,300.00 per month,

and the evidence presented at the hearing before the trial court was the pre-trial

revelation, which took place shortly before the hearing began, that Kelly was

working two jobs. She admitted she worked for Dobson and Son, an accounting

firm, at the rate of $15.00 an hour. Her second job is part time work as a Docent in

a museum for $13.00 per hour. Kelly testified at trial that she worked twenty hours

a week for the accounting firm and also worked as a Docent every other weekend,

with her hours varying between seven and fourteen hours per month. This

employment would provide her with a final monthly gross income of

approximately $1,382.00 to $1,564.00, depending on her hours worked as a

Docent.3

3 The only exhibits of income and expenses presented at trial were those pertaining to

Philip's income from his employment with the Federal Aviation Administration.

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The trial court, after extensive review of the documentation, the Hearing

Officer's recommendation, and the testimony of the parties, which included

exhaustive examination by counsel of both Kelly and Philip, issued the following

oral reasons for judgment at the close of the hearing on December 4, 2019:

THE COURT:

All right, well, I've looked at the numbers before, but even

considering what was heard today, if I used the gross – because I do

think that there's income that – we just can't consider the One-o[h]

Eight (108.00) or the One-Eleven (111.00) because there is income,

it's just tax-deferred, so it's not showing up in some of the documents.

But, using the Eleven-Thousand Two-Hundred and Five (11,205.00)

monthly, and if you take out as Mr. Johnson suggested, his deductions

it's at Eight-Thousand (8000.00). And then you take out his expenses

minus what she would pay that were hers, that would be FourThousand (4000.00), so he's left with Thirty-Nine-Hundred (3900.00).

If he's ordered to pay Twenty-Eight Hundred (2800.00) instead

of Twenty-Seven Fifty (2750.00), that gives her Twenty-EightHundred (2800.00) plus what was different that wasn't ever

mentioned in pre-trial is that she has income. Which, when you just

consider the accounting income and not the other income, because I

didn't really understand how much that was, but the Twelve-Hundred

(1200.00) and the Twenty-Eight (2800.00) that's Four Thousand

(4000.00), which is exactly the amount that he had left over when you

take out his – so, I'm going to set it to Twenty-Eight-Hundred

(2800.00), and it's retroactive to the date of request.[4]

Kelly's main argument was that she was entitled to maintain the same

lifestyle that she enjoyed during the marriage. However, it is undisputed that the

record shows that Philip continued to pay many of the expenses that Kelly claimed

on her affidavit, as per her testimony at the hearing, and as found by the Hearing

Officer. Further, Kelly chose to continue to live with family and friends despite

the fact, also found by the Hearing Officer, that Philip had been paying her $475.00

per week in addition to her other expenses.

4 Kelly filed her petition for divorce on June 13, 2019, seeking both interim and final

periodic spousal support.

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Based on the record before us and the requirement that this court review the

entire record to determine whether the trial court's finding was clearly wrong or

manifestly erroneous, we find that the trial court's ruling was supported by the

entire record on appeal. Accordingly, based on the trial court's considerable

discretion in determining an award of interim spousal support, we find no abuse of

discretion in this conscientious and experienced trial judge's thorough and wellreasoned decision to award Kelly $2,800.00 per month in interim spousal support

retroactive to June 13, 2019.

For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s judgment of January 8, 2020,

awarding interim spousal support to Kelly Jean Willis Thomas in the amount of

$2,800.00 per month effective June 13, 2019 payable on the 1st and 15th of each

month by Philip Adam Thomas, subject to a credit for payments made since the

date of filing, is affirmed in its entirety. All costs of this appeal are assessed to Kelly Jean Willis Thomas.