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Date: 06-19-2021
Case Style:
STATE OF OHIO v. DAVID FIELDS
Case Number: 109664
Judge: LARRY A. JONES, SR.
Court: COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
Plaintiff's Attorney: Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Nora Bryan, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney
Defendant's Attorney:
Description:
Cleveland, Ohio - Criminal defense attorney represented David Fields with a aggravated robbery, kidnapping, and having weapons while under disability charges.
In 2017, Fields was charged in a seven-count indictment along with
two codefendants, Cleveland Gresham (“Gresham”) and Demetrius Clardy
(“Clardy”), as follows: Counts 1 and 3 ─ aggravated robbery with one- and threeyear firearm specifications, repeat violent offender specification, and notice of
prior conviction; Counts 2 and 4 ─ kidnapping with one- and three-year firearm
specifications, repeat violent offender specification, and notice of prior conviction;
Counts 6 and 7 ─ having weapons while under disability.2 Fields’s case proceeded
to a jury trial; Counts 6 and 7 were tried to the bench.3 The following facts were
adduced at trial.
On July 28, 2017, around 3:30 p.m., a man wearing a surgical mask,
long wig, hat, and oversized gloves entered Gustav Julian Jewelers in Parma. Store
employees Roberta Askett (“Askett”) and Julie Washington (“Washington”)
1 See also State v. Fields, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 109675 and 109680.
2 Count 5 did not apply to Fields.
3 Codefendants Gresham and Clardy entered into plea agreements with the state of
Ohio. testified that the gunman, later identified as codefendant Clardy, held his gun on
them and told them to clear the register. Clardy took between $200 and $400.
Parma police arrived on scene, but Clardy had already fled in a Ford Taurus; the
state theorized that Fields was the getaway driver.
Askett and Washington informed the police that approximately 30
minutes prior to the robbery, three individuals came into the store and were acting
extremely suspicious; it appeared as if they were “casing” the store.
Parma recovered surveillance video from the jewelry store and the
CVS pharmacy across Pleasant Valley Road. Surveillance inside the jewelry store
showed three people inside the store approximately 30 minutes prior to the
robbery. Those individuals were later identified as Rodney Brewer (“Brewer”),
Kimberly Smith (“Smith”), and codefendant Gresham. Additional surveillance
from the CVS across the street showed Smith and Brewer enter the CVS parking lot
in a Chevy Trailblazer. Shortly thereafter, a Ford Taurus entered the parking lot.
Surveillance showed Smith and Brewer talking back and forth with the occupants
of the Taurus. Gresham got out of the Taurus, and he, along with Smith and
Brewer, crossed Pleasant Valley Road and went into the jewelry store.
CVS surveillance showed a man, later identified as codefendant
Clardy, exit the Ford Taurus in a long wig, hat, oversized gloves, and surgical mask
about 30 minutes later. Surveillance showed that Clardy ran across Pleasant
Valley Road and entered the store, ran back out, and got into a Ford Taurus, which
was waiting nearby. The car sped off. Smith testified that, on the day of the robbery, she drove her nowex-boyfriend, Brewer, to Parma to see his friend, Fields. Smith drove her Chevy
Trailblazer, and Brewer talked on her cell phone to Fields during the drive. Shortly
after Smith pulled into the CVS parking lot, Fields pulled up, driving a Ford
Taurus. Brewer talked with Clardy, Gresham, and Fields, who were all in the
Taurus. According to Smith, she got out of her car and went into the jewelry store
with Brewer and Gresham. She was interested in purchasing some jewelry. Smith
testified that she and Brewer left the area prior to the robbery.
Cell phone records showed that several calls were exchanged
between Smith’s and Fields’s cell phones in the hours leading up to the robbery.
Fields’s cell phone also “pinged” in several key locations around the time of the
robbery. It pinged on the tower at Pleasant Valley Road next to the jewelry store at
the time of the robbery and at a gas station located at East 55th Street and Superior
Avenue in Cleveland shortly after the robbery. Surveillance video from the gas
station showed the Ford Taurus at the gas station.
Parma police learned through their investigation that a friend of
Fields’s girlfriend was the owner of the Ford Taurus. Smith testified that both she
and Fields were with this friend, Alberta Darden (“Darden”), when Darden
purchased the car. The Taurus’s GPS tracker showed that the car pinged multiple
times on the street where Fields lived in the days before the robbery.
The jury convicted Fields of all counts and specifications, and the
trial court convicted Fields of the having weapons while under disability counts. The court sentenced Fields to a total of nine years in prison consecutive to the
sentences he received in his other two cases for a total of 15 years in prison.
Fields raises the following assignments of error:
I. David Fields was denied effective assistance of counsel during the
jury selection process when, one, counsel failed to raise a Batson
challenge and, two, when counsel failed to request to voir dire the jury
on whether they heard Mr. Fields call the jury the composition of the
nearly all white jury to be “racist.”
II. Mr. Fields received ineffective assistance of counsel when counsel
failed to object to multiple pieces of inadmissible evidence.
III. Fields’s conviction is against the manifest weight of the evidence
and, accordingly, Fields was denied his fundamental right to a fair
trial as guaranteed by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the
United States Constitution.
IV. Mr. Fields received ineffective assistance of counsel when counsel
failed to object to the trial court improperly providing the jury with a
flight or “consciousness of guilt” instruction without a sufficient
factual basis to support such an instruction, which violated Mr.
Fields’s state and federal due process right to a fair trial.
In the first, second, and fourth assignments of error, Fields contends
that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel. We will discuss these
assignments of error together.
To succeed on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the
appellant must show that his or her trial counsel’s performance was deficient and
that the deficient performance prejudiced his or her defense. State v. Drummond,
111 Ohio St.3d 14, 2006-Ohio-5084, 854 N.E.2d 1038, ¶ 205, citing Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Prejudice is
established when the defendant demonstrates “a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” Strickland at 694. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to
undermine confidence in the outcome. Id.
Fields first claims that his counsel was ineffective for failing to raise
a Batson challenge and voir dire the panel to see if they heard him say that the jury
was “racist.” Fields is Black, and the venire was composed of only three Black
prospective jurors. The prosecutor used one of its preemptory challenges to
dismiss one Black juror. A second Black juror was dismissed for cause, leaving
only one Black juror remaining on the panel.
In Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69
(1986), the United States Supreme Court held that peremptory challenges may not
be used to challenge potential jurors solely on the basis of race. To support a
Batson objection, a defendant must show that the prosecutor used peremptory
challenges to remove from the venire members of a cognizable racial group, raising
an inference that the use of the peremptory challenges was solely racially
motivated. Batson, as modified by Powers v. Ohio, 499 U.S. 400, 111 S.Ct. 1364,
113 L.Ed.2d 411 (1991). The burden then shifts to the prosecutor to present a
neutral explanation for the use of the peremptory challenges. Id.
After the state motioned to dismiss the second Black juror for cause,
and the trial court agreed and granted the motion based on the juror’s scheduling
issues, the trial court cautioned the state that there were only three Black jurors on
the venire panel and “if you think you’re going to strike that last one, you’re wrong.” The state responded that it did not intend to ask for the removal of the
remaining Black juror.
Fields has not shown that peremptory challenges were used to
challenge potential jurors solely on the basis of race. Of the two Black jurors that
were excused, one was excused for cause. Fields cannot make a prima facie case
that the state engaged in racial discrimination and counsel was not ineffective for
not raising a Batson claim.
Fields next claims that his counsel was ineffective for not asking to
voir dire the panel after he called the jury “racist.” Although the record does not
reflect what Fields said, the record does reflect that counsel for Fields informed the
court that Fields had said the jury was “racist” and counsel was concerned what
effect that might have on the jury. The trial court stated that it did not hear
Fields’s comment. The record does not indicate that this comment had any impact
on the jury, other than a juror looked at the defense table after the comment was
made, and Field has failed to set forth clear evidence that this comment deprived
him of a fair trial by improperly influencing the jury. See State v. Sari, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 109676, 2021-Ohio-944, ¶ 13, citing State v. Humphries, 5th Dist.
Stark No. 06CA00156, 2008-Ohio-388. Therefore, Fields has failed to establish
that he suffered prejudice that would satisfy the second prong of the Strickland
test described above.
Fields next argues that his attorney was ineffective for failing to
object to multiple pieces of evidence he claims were inadmissible. He argues his attorney was ineffective for failing to object to the admission of testimony provided
by Parma detectives that established ownership and possession of the Ford Taurus,
contents of Bureau of Motor Vehicle Records, and Verizon phone records.
The decision to object or not to object at trial ordinarily constitutes a
question of trial strategy. State v. Frierson, 2018-Ohio-391, 105 N.E.3d 583, ¶ 25,
(8th Dist.), citing State v. Johnson, 7th Dist. Jefferson No. 16 JE 0002, 2016-Ohio7937, ¶ 46. Accordingly, “the failure to make objections is not alone enough to
sustain a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.” State v. Conway, 109 Ohio
St.3d 412, 2006-Ohio-2815, 848 N.E.2d 810, ¶ 103.
Experienced trial counsel learn that objections to each potentially
objectionable event could actually act to their party’s detriment. * * *
In light of this, any single failure to object usually cannot be said to
have been error unless the evidence sought is so prejudicial * * * that
failure to object essentially defaults the case to the state. Otherwise,
defense counsel must so consistently fail to use objections, despite
numerous and clear reasons for doing so, that counsel’s failure cannot
reasonably have been said to have been part of a trial strategy or
tactical choice.
State v. Johnson, 112 Ohio St.3d 210, 2006-Ohio-6404, 858 N.E.2d 1144, ¶ 140.
An attorney’s “failure to object to error, alone, is not enough to sustain a claim of
ineffective assistance of counsel.” State v. Holloway, 38 Ohio St.3d 239, 244, 527
N.E.2d 831 (1988).
Fields has failed to satisfy his burden to demonstrate that the results
of the proceedings would have been different in that the exhibits or testimony
would have been excluded had counsel objected. Finally, Fields contends that his counsel was ineffective for failing to
object to the trial court’s jury instruction that stated that his flight and related
conduct may be considered as evidence of consciousness of guilt.
Counsel is not ineffective in failing to raise an objection that would
have been properly overruled. State v. Teasley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 67819,
1995 Ohio App. LEXIS 3372, 11 (Aug. 17, 1995). The record contains sufficient
evidence to charge the jury on Fields’s role as the getaway driver who drove the
Ford Taurus away from the jewelry store after the robbery.
Because ineffective assistance of counsel requires a showing of both
deficient performance and prejudice, Fields’s ineffective assistance claim fails.
Therefore, Fields’s first, second, and fourth assignments of error are overruled.
In the third assignment of error, Fields contends that his conviction
is against the manifest weight of the evidence.
When considering a challenge to the weight of the evidence, the
court must examine the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable
inferences, consider the credibility of the witnesses, and determine whether, in
resolving conflicts in the evidence, the court clearly lost its way and created a
manifest miscarriage of justice. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678
N.E.2d 541 (1997).
Fields takes issue with Smith’s testimony, noting that she was
initially charged as a participant in the robbery and was offered a plea deal in
exchange for her testimony against Fields. He also argues that much of the evidence against him was inadmissible; although, he does not raise that as a
specific argument on appeal except to claim that he received ineffective assistance
of counsel.
As the trier of fact, the jury was in the best position to see and hear
the witnesses, and observe their demeanor, equivocation, and candor when it
determined the weight to be given their testimony. The jury was aware of Smith’s
role in the robbery and her plea deal. In fact, the jury heard that Smith, at the time
of trial, was in jail on a probation violation. She was handcuffed during her
testimony. During cross-examination, Smith admitted she initially faced
“significant prison time” for her participation in the robbery. Smith downplayed
her role in the robbery, claiming that she was looking to purchase jewelry and was
not “casing” the store for her cohorts to rob. She also claimed to have left the scene
before the robbery took place.
The jury had the opportunity to weigh Smith’s credibility and
determine whether or not they believed her testimony about Fields’s role in the
robbery. A factfinder is free to believe all, some, or none of the testimony of each
witness appearing before it. State v. Maldonado, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108907,
2020-Ohio-5616, ¶ 40. The jury heard all of the testimony, considered the
evidence, and found the state’s theory of the case credible, and we will not disturb
the jury’s verdict on appeal. Fields’s convictions are therefore not against the
manifest weight of the evidence.
The third assignment of error is overruled.
Outcome: Judgment affirmed.
Plaintiff's Experts:
Defendant's Experts:
Comments: