Date: 06-12-2018

Case Style:

Case Number:

Judge: Not Available

Court: United States District Court for the District of Delaware

Plaintiff's Attorney: David C. Weiss and Jamie M. McCall

Defendant's Attorney: None

Description: Wilmington, DE - Third Stolen Christopher Columbus Letter Returned to the Vatican Following U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Delaware and HSI Joint Investigation

Today, and for the third time in two years, U.S. Attorney David C. Weiss for the District of Delaware and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) returned a more than 500-year-old copy of a Christopher Columbus’ letter describing his discoveries in the Americas to the Vatican during a morning repatriation ceremony at the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (the “Vatican Library”) in Vatican City. The letter, originally written in 1493, was stolen from the Vatican Library and later sold in 2004 for approximately $875,000.

In or around December 1921, the Superior General of the Society of Jesus donated a copy of the Columbus Letter (along with thousands of other rare books and manuscripts) to Pope Benedict XV. The Columbus Letter was preserved in the Vatican Library. After receiving a copy of the Columbus Letter, at no time did the Vatican City State or the Vatican Library relinquish title to this document. In or around 1934, a detailed description of the Vatican Library’s copy of the Columbus Letter was catalogued in the census copies of the standard bibliography of 15th century printing, otherwise known as the Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke (volume VI, Leipzig, 1934, no. 7177). At an unknown time and date, the Columbus Letter was stolen from the Vatican Library and replaced with a forgery, which was designed to appear like the original letter.

Like the prior recovered letters, the return of the Vatican’s Columbus Letter followed a multi-year joint investigation conducted by ICE’s Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Delaware. After receiving a tip that the Vatican Library’s letter was stolen and replaced with a forgery, law enforcement determined that the original letter was located in a private art collector’s personal collection in Atlanta, Georgia. The investigation determined that this individual purchased the stolen Columbus Letter in good faith during a February 2004 transaction worth $875,000.

In April 2017, following negotiations between the U.S. Attorney’s Office and representatives for the individual in possession of the letter, the parties agreed to permit a subject matter expert to inspect and compare both the Columbus Letter in Atlanta against a copy of the Columbus Letter in the Vatican Library’s possession. The expert determined that the Columbus Letter located in Atlanta was, in fact, the original Columbus Letter that belonged to the Vatican Library, and that the copy in the Vatican Library’s possession was a forgery. Following this analysis, the person in possession of the Columbus Letter in Atlanta voluntarily agreed to relinquish title and interest in the Columbus Letter.

“This marks the third time in two years that agents from HSI, along with prosecutors from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Delaware, have partnered to return these precious letters documenting Columbus’ journey back to their rightful home,” said U.S. Attorney Weiss. “It is only through our strong federal law enforcement partnerships that we are able to combat these cross-border crimes that rob every one of these world treasures. I truly commend the efforts of everyone involved in this case.”

Ambassador Callista L. Gingrich of U.S. Embassy to the Holy See said, “The Columbus Letter, written in 1493, is a priceless piece of cultural history. I am honored to return this remarkable letter to the Vatican Library – its rightful owner.”

Vatican Librarian Archbishop Jean-Louis Bruguès said, “We are extremely grateful to be able to reinsert this volume in its rightful place in De Rossi’s collection, where it will remain at the disposal of the researchers who come from around the world to study the collections of the Vatican Library.”

“Homeland Security Investigations is dedicated to investigating those who pilfer history's most important records and chronicles and retuning those antiquities, like this Columbus Letter, back to their rightful owner nations,” said Special Agent in Charge Marlon V. Miller of HSI Philadelphia. “This effort is of utmost importance, not only to the special agents who investigate these crimes, but to the global community at large. “Let this repatriation signal our continued commitment to these investigations, and serve as a testament to our partnerships, both here and abroad.”

The case is being investigated by HSI and is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Jamie M. McCall of the District of Delaware.

Outcome: See above

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