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Date: 07-14-2019
Case Style:
State of OHIO v. Gregory Esparza
Case Number: L-17-1169
Judge: Mark L. Pietrykowski
Court: COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Plaintiff's Attorney: Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Evy M. Jarrett, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
Defendant's Attorney: Steven C. Newman, Federal Public Defender, Alan C. Rossman, Assistant Federal Public Defender, Lori B. Riga and Spiros P. Cocoves
Description:
This case has a long history in both state and federal courts and stems from
the 1983 shooting death of a convenience store clerk during the commission of a robbery.
Appellant, Gregory Esparza, was indicted for the crimes and, following a jury trial
convicting him of aggravated murder and aggravated robbery, was sentenced to death.
On direct appeal, we affirmed his conviction and sentence, State v. Esparza, 6th Dist.
Lucas No. L-84-225, 1986 Ohio App. LEXIS 7956 (Aug. 22, 1986), as did the Supreme
Court of Ohio in State v. Esparza, 39 Ohio St.3d 8, 529 N.E.2d 192 (1988). Upon
reopening of appellant’s appeal, we denied his claims of ineffective assistance of
appellate counsel. State v. Esparza, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-84-225, 1995 Ohio App.
LEXIS 2058 (May 19, 1995).
{¶ 3} In 1989, appellant filed a petition for postconviction relief raising 50 causes
of action. The trial court concluded, without conducting a hearing, that the claims were
either barred by res judicata or rebutted by the record. On appeal, we affirmed the
judgments. State v. Esparza, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-90-235, 1992 Ohio App. LEXIS
2724 (May 29, 1992), cert. denied, State v. Esparza, 65 Ohio St.3d 1453, 602 N.E.2d 250
(1992). As noted by appellant, the dissent in this case observed:
A capital offense in Ohio must be charged by indictment. The
indictment must include one of the specifications listed in R.C. 2929.04(A).
3.
The majority recognizes, and I agree, that a valid indictment is a
jurisdictional prerequisite and that lack of subject matter jurisdiction may
be raised at any time. Furthermore, I agree with the conclusion that the trial
court lacks jurisdiction to impose a sentence of death if the indictment does
not include one of the required specifications. However, I disagree with the
majority’s opinion that the indictment in this case was sufficient to vest the
trial court with authority to impose a sentence of death.
Id. at *26.
{¶ 4} While the postconviction appeal was pending, appellant filed a public
records request with the city of Toledo requesting various police reports relating to the
investigation of other potential suspects as well as the reports documenting the
“evolution” of the state’s main witnesses’ description of the suspect. After ultimately
receiving the information on November 8, 1991, appellant filed a successive petition for
postconviction relief raising numerous claims. Relevant to this appeal, appellant asserted
the following:
Eleventh ground for relief: Petitioner Esparza’s convictions and
sentences are void or voidable because the State of Ohio failed to provide
relevant discovery of potentially exculpatory evidence at the guilt phase of
the trial.
4.
Twelfth ground for relief: Petitioner Esparza’s convictions and
sentences are void or voidable because the State of Ohio failed to disclose
exculpatory information which undermined the credibility of several of its
witnesses including key eyewitness, James Barailloux.
The state never responded to the petition and the court did not make any rulings relevant
thereto.
{¶ 5} On September 5, 1996, appellant filed a federal habeas corpus petition
challenging the sufficiency of his conviction and the constitutionality of the imposition of
the death penalty. The court granted the petition, in part, ordering that appellant’s death
sentence be set aside due to the fact that the indictment failed to properly charge
appellant as the principal offender. Esparza v. Anderson, N.D.Ohio No. 3:96-CV-7434,
2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23764 (Oct. 13, 2000). The court denied the claims relating to
the sufficiency of the underlying conviction. Relevant to this appeal, the court denied
appellant’s claim of prejudicial error based on his claims pursuant to Brady v. Maryland,
373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963), that the state failed to provide him
with exculpatory evidence impeaching the testimony of the sole eyewitness and his sister
in-law who testified that he confessed to the murder, evidence allegedly implicating other
suspects, and evidence that appellant was intoxicated at the time of the murder and
suffered from mental illness. Id. at *60-61.
{¶ 6} On appeal, the Sixth Circuit affirmed the habeas award agreeing that the
state’s contravention of the statutory requirements in properly charging the aggravating,
5.
principal offender circumstance resulted in prejudicial error. Esparza v. Mitchell, 310
F.3d 414 (6th Cir.2002). The court highlighted its belief by noting that the state’s theory
at trial was that appellant acted alone. This theory was called into question by the
discovery of evidence that there may have been an additional participant in the crimes.
Id. at 422. However, the court distinguished the relevance of this fact when examining
appellant’s Brady violation claims. The court noted:
After considering the evidence, we conclude that Esparza’s trial was
not fatally flawed at the guilt phase of the case, although obviously the
suppressed evidence should have been produced. The suppressed evidence
tended to show that (1) one witness’s statement that the robber/shooter in
the store resembled Esparza may have been wrong, and (2) that another
individual may have been involved in the crime. Even after this, however,
there remains other significant evidence against Esparza, in particular the
testimony of two individuals to whom Esparza admitted shooting Melanie
Gershultz. We note in particular that none of the suppressed evidence tends
to show that Esparza was uninvolved in the robbery and shooting; it merely
shows that he may not have been the principal offender and may not have
acted alone. Thus, his request for a general writ based on a Brady error is
denied.
Id. at 424.
6.
{¶ 7} The Supreme Court of the United States granted certiorari to consider
whether the state’s failure to charge appellant as a principal offender was clearly contrary
to federal law. Mitchell v. Esparza, 540 U.S. 12, 124 S.Ct. 7, 157 L.Ed.2d 263 (2003).
Reversing the circuit court’s issuance of the habeas corpus writ, the court concluded that
this court, in conducting a harmless-error review, did not unreasonably apply federal law.
Id. at 18. The court further noted that our conclusion was “hardly objectionably
unreasonable” based on the jury instructions, the fact that appellant was the only
individual charged in the indictment, and the fact that no evidence was presented that
anyone else was involved in the crime. Id. Appellant’s request for a rehearing was
denied. Mitchell v. Esparza, 540 U.S. 1142, 124 S.Ct. 1124, 157 L.Ed.2d 956 (2004).
The matter was remanded to the Sixth Circuit which, in turn, sent the matter to the district
court where it was stayed while appellant pursued state claims pursuant to Atkins v.
Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 122 S.Ct. 2242, 153 L.Ed.2d 335 (2002).1 After several years,
the Atkins claims were withdrawn and the matter was reinstated.
{¶ 8} Thereafter, the parties briefed what they felt were the issues remaining
following the reversal. Relevant to this appeal, the district court concluded that
appellant’s Brady claims regarding the state’s alleged failure to provide exculpatory
evidence had actually been addressed and rejected by the district court’s 2000 decision
1 Atkins held that the execution of intellectually impaired individuals constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
7.
which found no constitutional violations. So finding, the district court extensively quoted
the 2000 decision as follows:
Esparza’s third ground for relief is that the prosecutor failed to
provide him with exculpatory evidence, in violation of his constitutional
rights. Specifically, Esparza alleges that the prosecutor failed to provide
evidence that: (1) would impeach the trial testimony of James Barailloux
and Lisa Esparza; (2) implicates other suspects in the Island Carryout
murder; (3) indicates Esparza was intoxicated during the time the murder
was committed and that he suffered from a mental disorder.
Although this claim was not raised on direct appeal, like Esparza’s
second claim for relief, it is not procedurally defaulted as it also is premised
on information that was not made available to Esparza until after the
conclusion of his direct appeals, pursuant to his [public records request]
litigation based on State ex rel. Clark v. City of Toledo, 54 Ohio St. 3d 55,
560 N.E.2d 1313 (Ohio 1990). Accordingly, the Court will address this
claim on the merits, without the benefit of a state court decision.
To establish a claim under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S. Ct.
1194, 10 L. Ed. 2d 215 (1963), “the petitioner has the burden of
establishing that the prosecutor suppressed evidence; that such evidence
was favorable to the defense; and that the suppressed evidence was
material.” See Carter v. Bell, 218 F.3d 581, 2000 WL 895827 at * 19 (6th
8.
Cir. 2000) (citing Moore v. Illinois, 408 U.S. 786, 794-95, 92 S. Ct. 2562,
33 L. Ed. 2d 706 (1972)). “The inquiry is objective, independent of the
intent of the prosecutors.” Id. (citing Brady, 373 U.S. at 87).
“[E]vidence is material only if there is a reasonable probability that,
had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding
would have been different. A ‘reasonable probability’ is a probability
sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” United States v.
Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 676, 105 S. Ct. 3375, 87 L. Ed. 2d 481 (1985). * * *
* * *
It is here that Esparza’s first two sub-claims must fail. Were the
Court to extricate James Barailloux and Lisa Esparza’s testimony from the
totality of the evidence offered at trial, there nonetheless would be ample
evidence to provide the Court with confidence in the trial’s outcome.
Richardson’s testimony, for example, provided the jury with Esparza’s
confession of the killing. Furthermore, a jury reasonably could have found
that, although other suspects were investigated for this homicide, Esparza
was the actual assailant.”
Esparza v. Anderson, N.D.Ohio No. 3:96 CV 7434, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 38802
at *62-64 (Feb. 27, 2013), quoting Esparza v. Anderson, N.D.Ohio No. 3:96-CV
7434, 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23764 at *60-63.
9.
Current State Court Proceedings
{¶ 9} On March 11, 2016, appellant filed a motion in the trial court requesting that
it rule on the eleventh and twelfth grounds for relief in his November 8, 1991 successive
petition for postconviction relief. Appellant argued that no court had ever reviewed his
Brady claims in relation to the principal offender, death specification.
{¶ 10} The state filed a motion to dismiss appellant’s motion. The state first
argued that the request was barred by res judicata based on the fact that the Brady claims
were fully considered and rejected in the federal district court habeas corpus case. The
state further contended that the claims were waived by appellant and counsel
“abandoning” the claims for nearly 25 years.
{¶ 11} On June 12, 2017, the court granted the state’s motion to dismiss based on
the doctrine of res judicata. The court found that appellant’s Brady claims were
previously addressed and rejected in federal court. This appeal followed.
{¶ 12} Appellant now raises the following assignment of error for our review:
The trial court erred in its application of res judicata when it ruled
the federal courts held the Brady claim to be meritless in the context of a
capital aggravated murder case.
{¶ 13} In his sole assignment of error, appellant asserts that the trial court
improperly applied the doctrine of res judicata to bar review of his Brady claims as
applied in the capital murder case. Specifically, appellant contends that prior federal
court review was limited only to the effect of the withheld evidence as applied to the
10.
aggravated murder case following the initial granting of appellant’s habeas corpus
petition.
{¶ 14} It is well-established that res judicata is a proper ground upon which to
dismiss, without a hearing, a R.C. 2953.21 petition for postconviction relief. State v.
Szefcyk, 77 Ohio St.3d 93, 95, 671 N.E.2d 233 (1996); State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175,
226 N.E.2d 104 (1967). A basic tenet of the doctrine is that “[a] valid, final judgment
rendered upon the merits bars all subsequent actions based upon any claim arising out of
the transaction or occurrence that was the subject matter of the previous action.” Grava
v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St.3d 379, 653 N.E.2d 226 (1995), syllabus. The preclusive
effect of the doctrine applies in cases involving federal habeas corpus proceedings and
subsequent state court petitions for postconviction relief. See State v. Apanovitch, 107
Ohio App.3d 82, 667 N.E.2d 1041 (8th Dist.1995).
{¶ 15} Dismissing appellant’s motion as barred by res judicata, the trial court
concluded that the federal court had already addressed and rejected appellant’s Brady
claims in the 2000, 2012, and 2013 district court decisions and the circuit court’s 2002
decision.
{¶ 16} As set forth above, appellant was indicted on and convicted of aggravated
murder, with a death specification, and aggravated robbery. The death specification did
not provide necessary principal offender language. The 2000 district court decision
granted habeas relief as to the constitutionality of appellant’s death sentence. Esparza v.
Anderson, N.D.Ohio No. 3:96-CV-7434, 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23764. Addressing the
11.
Brady claims, the court noted that a jury could have reasonably found, though other
suspects were investigated, that appellant was the actual assailant. Id. at *63.
{¶ 17} On appeal to the Sixth Circuit, reviewing the facts of the case the court
noted:
After Esparza’s trial, his appeals and his state post-conviction
proceedings, a substantial volume of exculpatory evidence was revealed
that was not turned over by prosecutors at trial. This evidence tended to
prove that Joe Jasso was a participant in the crime and that Esparza did not
act alone.
No information concerning Jasso was provided to the defense before
trial. In information discovered as a result of a discovery request enforced
by the district court below, Esparza learned that two individuals, Charles
Hall and Stephen Billings, both separately reported to the Toledo Police
Department that they had seen a Caucasian male and a Hispanic male in the
Island Variety Carryout the night of the homicide. Hall and Billings both
reported that the Caucasian man was driving a Monte Carlo. Hall reported
that he saw the Monte Carlo circle the Island Variety Carryout twelve
times. Information implicating Jasso was also discovered as a result of
district court-ordered release of tips collected by Crimestoppers, a privately
funded program that works in conjunction with local law enforcement to
gather information regarding unsolved crimes. Two days after the
12.
homicide, an unidentified caller stated that he had overheard Joe Jasso
talking about the murder. The caller hung up before any additional
information was obtained.
Esparza v. Mitchell, 310 F.3d. at 418.
{¶ 18} Affirming the granting of the habeas writ, but again rejecting appellant’s
Brady claims, the circuit court stated: “We note in particular that none of the suppressed
evidence tends to show that Esparza was uninvolved in the robbery and shooting; it
merely shows that he may not have been the principal offender and may not have acted
alone.” Id. at 424. This finding was made in light of the fact that the district court had
already granted the writ as to the death sentence and, thus, any error in the suppressed
evidence as to the identity of the principal offender would be harmless.
{¶ 19} On appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States, the court addressed
only the habeas relief as to the principal offender death specification. Mitchell v.
Esparza, 540 U.S. 12. The court stated the following in consecutive footnotes:
The Court of Appeals noted evidence brought to light for the first
time in the habeas proceeding in the District Court that suggested there
might have been another participant in the crime, Joe Jasso. The jury,
however, was not presented with this evidence at trial, and thus it has no
bearing on the correctness of the Ohio Court of Appeals’ decision that the
State need not charge a defendant as a principal offender if the failure to so
charge is harmless error.
13.
Our decision, like the Court of Appeals’ is limited to the issue
presented here. We express no view whether habeas relief would be
available to respondent on other grounds. (Emphasis added.)
Id. at 18-19, fn. 3-4.
{¶ 20} Following the Supreme Court’s decision, appellant’s federal habeas
petition was dismissed with the district court noting that it would not reconsider the
Brady claims on remand because the Sixth Circuit expressly considered and rejected the
claims in its 2002 decision. Esparza v. Anderson, N.D.Ohio No. 3:96 CV 7434, 2012
U.S. Dist. LEXIS 97051, at *33.
{¶ 21} Appellant’s request for reconsideration was denied by the district court
which first concluded that reconsideration was not proper because appellant failed to
timely raise the issue in light of the capital (opposed to aggravated) murder charge.
Esparza v. Anderson, N.D. Ohio 3:96 CV 7434, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 38802, at *57.
The district court further noted that the issue was in fact addressed and rejected in the
2000 decision. Id. at *62-64. The court stressed that it was not apparent that the court in
2000 had addressed the Brady material in light of an aggravated murder charge as
opposed to a capital murder charge. Id. at *64.
{¶ 22} Reviewing the case as it currently sits before us, we cannot say that the
merits of appellant’s Brady claims as they relate to the capital murder, death specification
have been addressed by any court. Following the district court’s 2000 decision, in 2002,
the Sixth Circuit noted that “a substantial amount of exculpatory evidence” was produced
14.
following appellant’s trial that “tended to prove” that appellant did not act alone and that
the principal offender aggravator had been “called into question.” Thus, the trial court’s
reliance on the 2013 district court decision quoting the prior 2000 district court decision
in denying appellant’s motion for reconsideration was in error. Appellant’s assignment
of error is well-taken.
Outcome: On consideration whereof, we find that substantial justice was not done the
party complaining and the judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is
reversed and the matter is remanded for further proceedings. Pursuant to App.R. 24,
appellee is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal.
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Defendant's Experts:
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